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Arabic Text:
يظهر مشهد مذهل تحت الماء سلحفاة بحرية تسبح عبر الشعاب المرجانية.

English Translation:
A stunning underwater scene shows a sea turtle swimming through a coral reef.

Grammar Notes:
The Arabic sentence "يظهر مشهد مذهل تحت الماء سلحفاة بحرية تسبح عبر الشعاب المرجانية" translates to "An amazing scene appears underwater: a sea turtle swims across the coral reefs." Let’s break down the grammar and vocabulary of each word in this sentence:

1. يظهر (yazhar) - This verb comes from the root ظ-ه-ر (ẓ-h-r), which means to appear or to become visible. The form يظهر is in the third person masculine singular present tense. Infinitive: ظهر (ẓahara) meaning "to appear".

2. مشهد (mashhad) - This is a noun meaning "scene" or "spectacle". It comes from the root ش-ه-د (sh-h-d) associated with witnessing or observing.

3. مذهل (mudhhil) - This is an adjective meaning "amazing" or "astonishing". It is derived from the root ذ-ه-ل (dh-h-l), which relates to astonishment or amazement.

4. تحت (tahta) - This is a preposition meaning "under" or "beneath".

5. الماء (al-maa’) - This noun means "water". It is the definite form of ماء (maa’), with the definite article ال (al-).

6. سلحفاة (salḥafāh) - This noun means "turtle". Specifically, it refers to any kind of turtle but is often used in the context of sea turtles in modern Standard Arabic.

7. بحرية (baḥriyya) - This is an adjective derived from the noun بحر (baḥr), meaning "sea". The adjective form بحرية means "marine" or "naval".

8. تسبح (tasbah) - This verb is from the root س-ب-ح (s-b-ḥ), meaning to swim. تسبح is in the third person feminine singular present tense, agreeing with سلحفاة. Infinitive: سبح (sabaha) meaning "to swim".

9. عبر (‘abr) - This preposition means "across" or "through".

10. الشعاب (al-shu‘āb) - This is the plural form of شعبة (shu‘bah), which means "reef". Here, it refers specifically to "coral reefs", with ال (al-) as the definite article making it "the reefs".

11. المرجانية (al-marjāniyyah) - This adjective comes from مرجان (marjān), which means "coral". The adjective form المرجانية means "coral" in the sense of relating to or made of coral.

Grammar Tip:
In Arabic, the adjective always follows the noun it describes and agrees with it in definiteness, gender, and number. For example, in "سلحفاة بحرية" (salḥafāh baḥriyya), both the noun "سلحفاة" and the adjective "بحرية" are feminine, and the adjective follows the noun.

Related Words:
- غوص (ghawṣ) - Infinitive: to dive. This word can be used when talking about diving in water.
- أعماق (a‘māq) - Depths or deep places, often used when discussing the depths of the sea or ocean.

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