| Grammar Notes: Lesson: Icelandic Sentence Breakdown Sentence: *"Allir eru tungl og hafa dökka hlið sem hann sýnir aldrei neinum."* Translation: *"All are moons and have a dark side which he never shows to anyone."* ### Word-by-Word Breakdown 1. Allir (pronoun) – *All* (masculine plural nominative). - Infinitive/N/A: No infinitive (pronoun). 2. eru (verb) – *are* (present plural of *vera* – *to be*). - Infinitive: *vera* (to be). 3. tungl (noun, neuter) – *moons* (nominative plural). - Infinitive/N/A: No infinitive (noun). 4. og (conjunction) – *and*. - Infinitive/N/A: No infinitive (conjunction). 5. hafa (verb) – *have* (present plural of *hafa* – *to have*). - Infinitive: *hafa* (to have). 6. dökka (adjective, weak feminine accusative) – *dark* (modifies *hlið*). - Infinitive/N/A: *dökkur* (dark, masculine nominative). 7. hlið (noun, feminine) – *side* (accusative singular). - Infinitive/N/A: No infinitive (noun). 8. sem (relative pronoun) – *which/that*. - Infinitive/N/A: No infinitive (pronoun). 9. hann (pronoun) – *he*. - Infinitive/N/A: No infinitive (pronoun). 10. sýnir (verb) – *shows* (present singular of *sýna* – *to show*). - Infinitive: *sýna* (to show). 11. aldrei (adverb) – *never*. - Infinitive/N/A: No infinitive (adverb). 12. neinum (pronoun, dative) – *to anyone* (dative of *neinn* – *anyone*). - Infinitive/N/A: *neinn* (anyone, masculine nominative). ### Grammar Tip - Word Order: Icelandic follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure, but subordinate clauses (after *sem*) can shift word order. - Case Usage: Pronouns like *neinum* (dative) show indirect objects (to whom something is done). ### Related Words - Ljós (light) – Opposite of *dökkur* (dark). - Sýna frammi (to display) – Synonym for *sýna* (to show). - Engum (to no one) – Opposite of *neinum* (to anyone). |
