| Grammar Notes: Lesson: Grammar and Vocabulary of the Arabic Sentence Sentence: "كل شخص هو قمر، وله جانب مظلم لا يظهره لأحد." Translation: "Every person is a moon, and has a dark side they do not show to anyone." Romanisation: "Kullu shakhṣin huwa qamar, wa lahu jānibun muẓlimun lā yuẓhiruhu li-aḥad." ### Word-by-Word Breakdown: 1. كل (kullu) - Meaning: Every, each - Grammar: Indefinite noun in the nominative case (مرفوع). It is a noun of totality (اسم تفضيل). - Infinitive: Not applicable (it is a noun). 2. شخص (shakhṣin) - Meaning: Person - Grammar: Indefinite noun in the genitive case (مجرور) because it is governed by "كل". - Infinitive: Not applicable (it is a noun). 3. هو (huwa) - Meaning: He, it - Grammar: Pronoun (ضمير) in the nominative case, acting as the subject of the sentence. 4. قمر (qamar) - Meaning: Moon - Grammar: Indefinite noun in the nominative case (مرفوع), acting as the predicate (خبر) of "هو". - Infinitive: Not applicable (it is a noun). 5. و (wa) - Meaning: And - Grammar: Coordinating conjunction (حرف عطف). 6. له (lahu) - Meaning: To him, has - Grammar: Prepositional phrase consisting of "لـ (li)" (to) + "هو (hu)" (him). It indicates possession. 7. جانب (jānibun) - Meaning: Side, aspect - Grammar: Indefinite noun in the nominative case (مرفوع), acting as the subject of the following verb. - Infinitive: Not applicable (it is a noun). 8. مظلم (muẓlimun) - Meaning: Dark - Grammar: Adjective (صفة) in the nominative case (مرفوع), describing "جانب". - Infinitive: أظلم (aẓlama) – to darken. 9. لا (lā) - Meaning: Not - Grammar: Negative particle (حرف نفي). 10. يظهره (yuẓhiruhu) - Meaning: Shows it - Grammar: Present tense verb (فعل مضارع) in the nominative case (مرفوع). The attached pronoun "ـه (hu)" means "it". - Infinitive: أظهر (aẓhara) – to show. 11. لأحد (li-aḥad) - Meaning: To anyone - Grammar: Prepositional phrase consisting of "لـ (li)" (to) + "أحد (aḥad)" (anyone). "أحد" is an indefinite noun in the genitive case (مجرور). ### Grammar Tip: In Arabic, the verb typically agrees with the subject in gender and number. However, when the subject is a non-human plural noun, the verb is treated as feminine singular. For example, "يظهره" (yuẓhiruhu) is singular because "جانب" (jānib) is singular, even though it refers to a part of a person. ### Related Words: - ضوء (ḍaw') – Light - وجه (wajh) – Face - سر (sirr) – Secret - حقيقة (ḥaqīqah) – Truth - ظاهر (ẓāhir) – Apparent, visible |
