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French Text:
Helmut aime la musique folk, alors je lui ai préparé ce gâteau pour son anniversaire !

English Translation:
Helmut likes folk music, so I baked him this cake for his birthday!

Grammar Notes:
Sentence Analysis: "Helmut aime la musique folk, alors je lui ai préparé ce gâteau pour son anniversaire!"

1. Helmut - This is a proper noun, a name, referring to a person. In French, proper nouns do not change; they behave similarly to English proper nouns.

2. aime - This is the third person singular present tense form of the verb "aimer" (to like, to love). Here, it is used to indicate that Helmut enjoys or likes something.

3. la - This is a definite article in French, used here because it precedes a feminine singular noun. "La" translates to "the" in English.

4. musique - A common noun meaning "music." It is feminine singular, which aligns with the definite article "la."

5. folk - This is a genre of music, used here as an adjective describing the type of music. In French, many English words are adopted directly, especially in contexts like music, technology, etc.

6. alors - A conjunction meaning "so" or "then," used to connect related ideas or indicate a consequence.

7. je - A pronoun meaning "I." It is the first person singular subject pronoun in French.

8. lui - An indirect object pronoun referring to "him" or "her" in English. In this context, "lui" refers to Helmut and is used to indicate to whom the action is being done.

9. ai préparé - This is a compound verb in the passé composé tense, consisting of the auxiliary verb "avoir" (to have) in the present tense ("ai" - I have) and the past participle of the verb "préparer" (to prepare). This tense is used to describe actions completed in the past.

10. ce - A demonstrative adjective meaning "this." It precedes and agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies, which is masculine singular here.

11. gâteau - A common noun meaning "cake." It is masculine singular, matching the demonstrative adjective "ce."

12. pour - A preposition meaning "for." It is used to indicate the purpose or recipient of an action.

13. son - A possessive adjective meaning "his" or "her." It agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies, which is masculine singular here.

14. anniversaire - A common noun meaning "birthday." It is masculine singular, aligning with the possessive adjective "son."

General Grammar Tip:
In French, the agreement of articles, adjectives, and past participles with the nouns they modify or refer to is crucial. This agreement involves gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural). Misalignment in agreement can lead to confusion and incorrect grammar.

Related Words:
- célébrer (to celebrate) - Often used in the context of birthdays or other festivities.
- joyeux (joyful, happy) - Commonly used in phrases like "joyeux anniversaire" (happy birthday).

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