| Grammar Notes: Sentence 1: Молодая женщина с длинными волосами. *(Molodaya zhenshchina s dlinnymi volosami.)* A young woman with long hair. * Молодая (Molodaya) – Adjective. Meaning "young". Here it is in the feminine singular form to agree with "женщина". The masculine form is "молодой". * женщина (zhenshchina) – Noun. Meaning "woman". This is the subject of the phrase. Infinitive/Nominative case: женщина. * с (s) – Preposition. Meaning "with". * длинными (dlinnymi) – Adjective. Meaning "long". It is in the instrumental plural form because of the preposition "с". The masculine singular form is "длинный". * волосами (volosami) – Noun. Meaning "hair" (plural). It is in the instrumental plural case, governed by the preposition "с". Infinitive/Nominative singular: волос. Sentence 2: Она выглядит удивленной. *(Ona vyglyadit udivlennoy.)* She looks surprised. * Она (Ona) – Pronoun. Meaning "she". * выглядит (vyglyadit) – Verb. Meaning "looks" or "appears". It is the third person singular form (he/she/it looks). Infinitive: выглядеть. * удивленной (udivlennoy) – Adjective. Meaning "surprised". It is in the instrumental feminine singular form, used here as a short predicate adjective after the verb "выглядеть". The masculine form is "удивленный". Grammar Tip: After verbs like "выглядеть" (to look), "казаться" (to seem), and "быть" (to be) in the past/future tense, Russian often uses adjectives in the instrumental case to describe a state or appearance. This is different from English which uses an adjective directly (e.g., "she looks surprised"). Related Words: * Удивляться (udivlyat'sya) – Verb (infinitive). Meaning "to be surprised". * Короткий (korotkiy) – Adjective. Meaning "short" (the opposite of "длинный"). * Мужчина (muzhchina) – Noun. Meaning "man". |
