| Grammar Notes: Sentence Breakdown: Eine – "A" (feminine). An indefinite article. It indicates one non-specific item (here, a woman). The masculine form is "ein", the neuter is "ein". junge – "young". An adjective describing 'Frau'. Its infinitive/base form is jung. It takes an '-e' ending because it comes before a feminine noun with the article "Eine". Frau – "woman". A feminine noun. Its plural is Frauen. mit – "with". A preposition (dative). It indicates accompaniment or possession of a characteristic. langen – "long". An adjective describing 'Haaren'. Its infinitive/base form is lang. It takes an '-en' ending because it follows a preposition ("mit") and describes a plural dative noun. Haaren – "hairs" / "hair". A plural noun (neuter). The singular is das Haar. Here it is in the dative plural case because of the preposition "mit" (with), which requires the dative. Sie – "She". A personal pronoun (nominative case, subject of the sentence). It can also mean "you" (formal) or "they". sieht – "looks" / "appears". A verb. It comes from the infinitive sehen (to see). Here it is the 3rd person singular present tense conjugation: er/sie/es sieht. überrascht – "surprised". This is a past participle, used here as an adjective describing her appearance. The infinitive verb is überraschen (to surprise). aus – "out". An adverb/particle. It combines with the verb "sehen" to form the separable verb aussehen (to look / to appear). In a main clause, "aus" goes to the end. Grammar Tip: The phrase "sieht...aus" is a separable verb. In the present tense, the prefix ("aus") goes to the end of the clause. The structure is: Subject + Conjugated Verb + ... + Prefix. For example: "Ich sehe gut aus" (I look good). Related Words: The opposite of lang (long) is kurz (short). The opposite of jung (young) is alt (old). A synonym for Frau is Dame (lady). |
