| Grammar Notes: Sentence 1: La imagen muestra a una niña pequeña con un vestido amarillo. - La – the. Feminine singular definite article. Used because imagen is feminine singular. - imagen – image, picture. Feminine noun. - muestra – shows. From mostrar (to show); third-person singular present indicative. It agrees with La imagen. - a – not translated here. Personal a, a preposition used before a direct object that is a person. It marks una niña pequeña as the person being shown. - una – a. Feminine singular indefinite article. - niña – girl, little girl. Feminine noun. - pequeña – small, little, young. Feminine singular adjective; it agrees with niña. - con – with. Preposition. - un – a. Masculine singular indefinite article. - vestido – dress. Masculine noun. Related to vestir (to dress), but here it is a noun. - amarillo – yellow. Masculine singular adjective; it agrees with vestido. Sentence 2: Está abrazando a un perro grande. - Está – is. From estar (to be); third-person singular present indicative. Here it forms the present progressive with abrazando. The subject is not stated; in context it means “she is”. - abrazando – hugging, embracing. Gerund/present participle of abrazar (to hug, to embrace). It is used after estar for an action happening now. - a – not translated here. Personal a, a preposition used before the direct object. Here it marks un perro grande as the animal being hugged; it often appears with pets or animals treated personally. - un – a. Masculine singular indefinite article. - perro – dog. Masculine noun. - grande – big, large. Adjective; it does not change for masculine/feminine in the singular. It agrees with perro in number. Grammar tip: Spanish adjectives usually follow the noun and agree in gender and number: niña pequeña, vestido amarillo, perro grande. The present progressive is formed with estar + gerund: está abrazando = is hugging. The personal a is not translated; it appears before a direct object that is a person or an animal treated personally. Related words not yet explained: - mostrar also gives muestro, muestras, mostramos, mostráis, muestran; noun muestra = sample. - estar also gives estoy, estás, estamos, estáis, están. - abrazar also gives abrazo (I hug), abrazas, abraza, abrazamos, abrazáis, abrazan; noun abrazo = hug. - niña relates to niño (boy), niños (boys/children), niñas (girls). - perro relates to perra (female dog), perros, perras. - amarillo has forms amarilla, amarillos, amarillas. - grande has gran before a singular noun and grandes in the plural. - imagen plural is imágenes. - vestido relates to vestir (to dress) and vestirse (to get dressed). |
