| Grammar Notes: Sentence: 사진 속에는 노란색 드레스를 입은 어린 소녀가 커다란 개를 껴안고 있는 모습이 담겨 있습니다. Romanisation: Sajin sogeneun noransaek deureseureul ibeun eorin sonyeoga keodaran gaereul kkyeoango inneun moseubi damgyeo itseumnida. Meaning: In the photo, there is a scene of a little girl wearing a yellow dress hugging a big dog. / The photo captures a little girl in a yellow dress hugging a big dog. | Korean | Romanisation | Meaning and grammar | |---|---|---| | 사진 | sajin | Noun: photo, photograph. | | 속에는 | sogeneun | 속 (sok, inside) + 에 (e, location particle: in/at/on) + 는 (neun, topic marker). Together: “in/inside [the photo]” as the topic. | | 노란색 | noransaek | Noun: yellow colour. Compound of 노란 (noran), attributive form of 노랗다 (norata, to be yellow; dictionary/infinitive form: 노랗다), and 색 (saek, colour). | | 드레스를 | deureseureul | 드레스 (deureseu, dress) + 를 (reul, object marker). Marks “dress” as the object of 입은. | | 입은 | ibeun | Verb form: “wearing, who has put on”. Dictionary/infinitive form: 입다 (ipda, to wear, to put on). 입- + -은 is a past/perfect attributive form modifying 소녀. | | 어린 | eorin | Adjective form: “young, little”. Dictionary/infinitive form: 어리다 (eorida, to be young). 어리- + -ㄴ modifies 소녀. | | 소녀가 | sonyeoga | 소녀 (sonyeo, girl, young girl) + 가 (ga, subject marker). Marks the girl as the subject of “is hugging a big dog”. | | 커다란 | keodaran | Adjective form: “big, large”. Dictionary/infinitive form: 커다랗다 (keodarata, to be big/large). Modifies 개. | | 개를 | gaereul | 개 (gae, dog) + 를 (reul, object marker). Marks “dog” as the object of 껴안고 있다. | | 껴안고 | kkyeoango | Verb form: “hugging, embracing”. Dictionary/infinitive form: 껴안다 (kkyeoanda, to hug, to embrace). 껴안- + -고 links to 있다 to make the progressive. | | 있는 | inneun | Verb form: “that is ...ing”. Dictionary/infinitive form: 있다 (itda, to be, to exist). Here auxiliary after -고; present attributive -는 modifies 모습. | | 모습이 | moseubi | 모습 (moseup, appearance, figure, scene, image) + 이 (i, subject marker). Marks “scene/image” as the subject of 담겨 있습니다. | | 담겨 | damgyeo | Verb form: “contained, captured, recorded”. Dictionary/infinitive form: 담기다 (damgida, to be contained, to be captured, to be recorded). 담기- + -어 links to 있습니다. | | 있습니다 | itseumnida | Verb form: “is/are”. Dictionary/infinitive form: 있다 (itda, to be, to exist). Formal polite present. 담겨 있습니다 = “is contained/captured”. | Grammar tip: Korean puts modifiers before the noun. A whole clause can modify a noun: 노란색 드레스를 입은 어린 소녀 = “a little girl who is wearing a yellow dress”; 커다란 개를 껴안고 있는 모습 = “the scene/image of [her] hugging a big dog”. The main clause is 모습이 담겨 있습니다 = “a scene is captured/contained”. Particles mark roles: 은/는 topic, 이/가 subject, 을/를 object. -고 있다 = progressive/continuous, e.g. 껴안고 있다 = is hugging; 담겨 있다 = is contained/captured. Related words: 사진기 (sajingi) — camera; 사진사 (sajinsa) — photographer; 색깔 (saekkkal) — colour; 소년 (sonyeon) — boy; 강아지 (gangaji) — puppy; 담다 (damda) — to put in, to contain; 벗다 (beotda) — to take off, to remove clothes; 찍다 (jjikda) — to take a photo, to stamp. |
