| Grammar Notes: Фотография с кошкой. Картинка черно-белая, за исключением красных глаз кошки. 1. Фотография *(fotografiya)* - Meaning: Photograph - Part of Speech: Noun (feminine) - Grammatical Form: Singular, nominative case (subject of the first sentence). - Infinitive: N/A 2. с *(s)* - Meaning: With - Part of Speech: Preposition - Usage: Requires the instrumental case for the following noun. 3. кошкой *(koshkoy)* - Meaning: Cat - Part of Speech: Noun (feminine) - Grammatical Form: Singular, instrumental case (used with the preposition *с*). - Infinitive: N/A 4. Картинка *(kartinka)* - Meaning: Picture - Part of Speech: Noun (feminine) - Grammatical Form: Singular, nominative case (subject of the second sentence). - Infinitive: N/A 5. черно-белая *(cherno-belaya)* - Meaning: Black-and-white - Part of Speech: Adjective - Grammatical Form: Feminine, nominative case (agrees with *картинка*). - Infinitive: N/A 6. за исключением *(za isklucheniyem)* - Meaning: Except for - Part of Speech: Phrase (preposition-like) - Usage: Requires the genitive case for the following noun. 7. красных *(krasnykh)* - Meaning: Red - Part of Speech: Adjective - Grammatical Form: Plural, genitive case (agrees with *глаз*). - Infinitive: N/A 8. глаз *(glaz)* - Meaning: Eyes - Part of Speech: Noun (masculine, inanimate) - Grammatical Form: Plural, genitive case (used with *за исключением*). - Infinitive: N/A 9. кошки *(koshki)* - Meaning: Cat - Part of Speech: Noun (feminine) - Grammatical Form: Singular, genitive case (shows possession: "eyes of the cat"). - Infinitive: N/A General Grammar Tip: Russian adjectives must agree with the gender, number, and case of the nouns they describe. For example, *черно-белая* is feminine and nominative to match *картинка*. Prepositions like *с* (with) and phrases like *за исключением* (except for) govern specific cases: *с* requires the instrumental, while *за исключением* requires the genitive. Related Words: - *Кошка* *(koshka)* (cat, feminine) - *Собака* *(sobaka)* (dog, feminine) - *Изображение* *(izobrazheniye)* (image, neuter) - *Цветной* *(tsvetnoy)* (colored) - *Черный* *(chernyy)* (black) - *Белый* *(belyy)* (white) |
