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Spanish Text:
Un niño está sentado en una escalera de madera tocando la flauta. Un gato le mira.

English Translation:
A boy sits on a wooden staircase playing the flute. A cat looks up at him.

Grammar Notes:
Sentence: Un niño está sentado en una escalera de madera tocando la flauta. Un gato le mira.

Breakdown and Explanation:

1. Un - This is the indefinite article "a" or "an" in English, used for masculine singular nouns.

2. niño - A noun meaning "boy". It's a common noun, masculine and singular.

3. está - This is a conjugated form of the verb "estar" (to be), specifically in the third person singular of the present indicative. It is used to indicate the location or a state of being that is temporary.

4. sentado - This is a past participle used as an adjective, derived from the verb "sentar" (to sit). When combined with "está", it forms the present continuous tense, "is sitting".

5. en - A preposition meaning "on" or "in" in English.

6. una - This is the indefinite article for feminine singular nouns, translated as "a" or "an".

7. escalera - A noun meaning "staircase" or "ladder", feminine and singular.

8. de - Another preposition, meaning "of" or "from".

9. madera - A noun meaning "wood", used here to describe the material of the "escalera".

10. tocando - This is the present participle of "tocar" (to play an instrument or to touch), used here to indicate an ongoing action, "playing".

11. la - The definite article "the", feminine singular, used here with "flauta".

12. flauta - A noun meaning "flute".

13. Un gato - "Un" (a/an) + "gato" (cat), meaning "A cat".

14. le - An indirect object pronoun, in this case, it refers to "niño", meaning "him" or "to him".

15. mira - A conjugated form of "mirar" (to look or to watch), in the third person singular present indicative, meaning "looks" or "watches".

General Grammar Tip:
- In Spanish, the present continuous tense is formed by using a form of "estar" plus the gerund (-ando, -iendo, -yendo). This construction is used to describe ongoing actions, similar to the English present continuous (e.g., "is sitting", "is playing").

Related Words:
- Escalón (step, stair): Singular form referring to a single step in a staircase.
- Mirada (look, glance): Noun form of "mirar", referring to the act of looking or a glance.
- Niñez (childhood): A noun related to "niño", denoting the period of being a child.
- Gatito (kitten): A diminutive form of "gato", used to refer to a young cat.

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