Grammar Lesson 87:

The indefinite adjective and pronoun

Molto is an indefinite adjective and pronoun (sometimes also used as an adverb) which indicates a large quantity of something.
 
It translates as "much", "many", "a lot".
 
It is variable, agreeing with the noun it refers to when used as an adjective, and with the noun it replaces when used as an pronoun.

Masc. Singular Fem. Singular Masc. Plural Fem. Plural Meaning
molto molta molti molte much, many, a lot
many people, long, a lot
very much
 
As an adjective, molto is directly placed before the noun it refers to:
 
- Ho molti amici. (I have a lots of friends.)
- D'estate qui c'è molta gente. (In summertime there's a lot of people here.)
- Molte persone non capiscono il tuo umorismo. (Many people don't understand your sense of humour.)
- Ho bevuto molto vino stasera. (Tonight I've drunk much wine.)
 
Its superlative (absolute) is moltissimo. It has no comparative degree:

- Ho moltissimi amici. (I have really a lots of friends.)
 
Molto as a pronoun is often used in a partitive construction. The masculine plural form molti usually translates as "many people, a lot of people":
 
- Molti sognano di essere al tuo posto. (Many people wish they were in your place.)
- Furono molti a protestare. (In many protested.)
- Sono in molti a non capire il tuo umorismo. (Many people don't understand your sense of humour.)
- Molti di noi non capiscono il tuo umorismo. (Many of us don't understand your sense of humour.)
- Molti dei libri che abbiamo amato sono classici. (Many of the books we loved are classics.)
 
The masculine singular form molto is used sometimes to express a long distance, a long time, or a large amount of money [the words spazio (distance), time (tempo), and denaro (money) are left out]:
 
- Aspetti da molto (tempo)? (Have you been waiting long?)
- L'ho pagato molto (denaro). (I paid a lot for it.)
- C'è ancora molto da camminare per arrivare a casa. (There's still a long way to go before getting home.)
 
As an adverb molto follows the verb and translates as "very much, a lot":
 
- Anna, ti ringrazio molto. (Anna, I thank you very much.)
- Ti amo molto. (I love you very much.)
 
When it precedes other adverbs, it translates as "very":
 
- Tua figlia si è comportata molto bene. (Your daughter behaved very well.)
- Ci vedremo molto presto. (We'll see each other very soon.)
 
As an adverb molto can also precedes a qualifying adjective or a past participle. In that case it translates as "very":
 
- È molto innamorato di lei. (He is deeply in love with her.)
- È un'opinione molto diffusa. (It's a very widespread opinion.)
 
When used in a comparative sentence, molto translates as "much":
 
- Marco è molto meglio di Gianni. (Marco is much better than Gianni.)
- Anna mangia molto più in fretta di me. (Anna eats much faster than me.)
Molto meno. (Much less.)
 
Some expressions:
 
- Fra non molto. (Shortly, soon.)
- Da molto tempo. (For a long time.)
- Fa molto Natale. (It's very Christmassy.)
- Mi piace molto. (I like him / her a lot.)
- Molto sentito. (Deeply felt.)
- Averne ancora per molto. (Still have a lot to do.)
- Molto bene. (Very well.)
- Molto meglio. (Much better.)



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